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How do Men Get Tested for STIs?

September 10, 2024 • read

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How do Men Get Tested for STIs?

The thought of getting tested for an STI can be uncomfortable, especially for men who might worry about privacy or embarrassment. Whether you’re searching “How do they test for STDs male” or “How do men get tested for STDs? “ you’re likely looking for answers without the anxiety of a clinic visit. You might also be curious about STI testing for men, wondering if it’s possible to do it discreetly. In Canada, even booking an appointment at a clinic can feel daunting when you’re already anxious. But getting tested for STIs, STDs, or other health concerns doesn’t have to be difficult, uncomfortable, or delayed. With Maple, you can get the care and information you need — discreetly and quickly — so you can take control of your health without the wait or worry. From male STD tests to addressing concerns about specific symptoms, healthcare professionals on Maple can help you navigate your health concerns confidently and privately.

In this blog, we cover everything you need to know about how men can get tested for STIs.

What is STI?

It’s important to understand that “STI,” or sexually transmitted infection, is the current term replacing “STD,” which stands for sexually transmitted disease. This change reflects the fact that many infections do not progress to disease, making “STD” less accurate.

But no matter what you call it, the definition is the same: it’s an infection that’s passed from person to person through sexual activity. STIs occur if you have vaginal, oral, anal sex or intimate skin-to-skin contact with someone.

Many people won’t develop any symptoms, so they won’t know when they’ve contracted an STI — that’s what makes regular STI testing so important. It can help keep you and your sexual partners safe and healthy.

What STIs Men Can Get

Men can get the same STIs that women can get, including chlamydia, gonorrhea, hepatitis A and B, herpes, HPV, and syphilis. Understanding the different types of infections is the first step in protecting yourself and your partners.

Here’s an overview of STIs: 

  • Chlamydia is one of the most common STIs in Canada and is transmitted through any type of sex (anal, oral, or vaginal sex) with a person who already has the infection. 
  • Gonorrhea is also transmitted during any type of sexual activity with an infected person. It can affect the throat, urethra, or anus. In men, symptomatic gonorrhea is more common than symptomatic chlamydia.  
  • Hepatitis A is highly contagious but often goes away on its own. It can be transmitted through contaminated water or food, as well as through sexual contact with an infected person.
  • Hepatitis B can be contracted by contact with the blood or bodily fluids of an infected person. It can be particularly dangerous because it can cause liver damage.
  • Herpes is transmitted through contact with the mouth or genitals of an infected person and causes painful blisters. 
  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common STIs in Canada. In fact, most people will develop one strain of the virus at some point in their lifetime. It’s transmitted through any type of sex; certain strains can cause genital warts and, in men, cancers of the throat, penis and anus.
  • Syphilis can be transmitted through any type of sexual activity with an infected person. It’s an old disease that was on its way to being abolished, but rates in Canada have skyrocketed in the past few years. It’s one of the most serious  STIs for men because it can cause serious and life-threatening problems. 

When Should Men Consider Getting Tested for STIs?

  • Routine Testing for Sexually Active Men
    Sexually active men should consider regular testing as a proactive measure, even if they have no symptoms. Routine STI screening is generally recommended once a year, but men with multiple partners or who engage in higher-risk activities may benefit from more frequent testing every 3–6 months.
  • New or Multiple Partners
    Whenever a man begins a relationship with a new partner, getting tested beforehand is a good idea. This ensures that both partners can start the relationship with a clear understanding of their sexual health status. Testing is also essential for men with multiple sexual partners.
  • Symptoms of Potential STIs
    Men should consider getting tested immediately if they notice any symptoms that could suggest an STI.
  • Following a Partner’s Positive Test Result
    If a partner has tested positive for an STI, men should get tested right away, even if they have no symptoms. Prompt testing can catch infections early, allowing for effective treatment to reduce the risk of complications and prevent spreading the infection to others.
  • After Unprotected Sex or Condom Failure
    Men should also consider STI testing after unprotected sex or a condom failure, especially if they are unsure of their partner’s health status. While many STIs are treatable, early detection is key to minimizing health risks.
  • Risk Factors That May Require More Frequent Testing
    Men with specific risk factors may need to test more frequently, such as those who:
  • Have multiple sexual partners
  • Are men who have sex with men (MSM), as certain STIs are more prevalent in this group
  • Share needles or other injection equipment
  • Engage in sex work or have partners who do

Regular STI testing is essential for all men to maintain their health and ensure the well-being of their partners. Knowing when and how often to get tested is a significant step in taking control of sexual health.

STI Symptoms in Men 

While symptoms aren’t always present when you contract an STI, possible symptoms in men with an STI include:

Chlamydia

  • Pain when urinating
  • Discharge from the penis
  • Swollen testicles
  • Rectal pain, discharge, or bleeding

Gonorrhea

  • Pain when urinating
  • Discharge from the penis
  • With anal gonorrhea: rectal pain, discharge, and bleeding
  • Swollen or painful testicles
  • With oral gonorrhea and conjunctivitis: Painful joints, sore throat, and red eyes
  • Rash

Hepatitis A

  • Fever
  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • Feeling lethargic
  • Loss of appetite
  • Abdominal pain 
  • Dark-coloured urine 
  • Pale yellow or pale grey stool
  • Dark brown urine
  • Itchy skin, possibly including hives
  • Jaundice of the eyes

Hepatitis B 

  • Feeling lethargic
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Loss of appetite
  • Low-grade fever
  • Muscle and joint aches
  • Dark-coloured urine 
  • Pale yellow or pale grey stool
  • Dark brown urine
  • Itchy skin, possibly including hives
  • Jaundice of the eyes

Herpes

  • Tingling, itching, or burning of the skin followed by blisters (commonly on the penis, testicles, anus, butt, thighs, lips, tongue, or gums)
  • Aching muscles on the lower half of the body
  • Swollen or tender lymph nodes in the groin

HPV

  • Warts (flat and flesh-colored or a cluster of tiny bumps) in the mouth or throat

Syphilis

Each phase (primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary) of syphilis has different symptoms.

  • Primary: a small, firm, and painless sore (on the penis, anus, or lips), and swollen lymph nodes near it
  • Secondary: a non-itchy skin rash (typically on the palms of the hands or soles of the feet), sore throat, headache, tiredness, and swollen lymph nodes
  • Latent: no symptoms
  • Tertiary: damage to the heart, nervous system, or other parts of the body

How Do Men Get Tested for STDs?

Healthcare providers choose the appropriate tests based on each individual’s symptoms, risk factors, and sexual history. Here’s a breakdown of the main methods used to diagnose STDs in men:

1. Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs)

NAATs are commonly used to detect infections like chlamydia and gonorrhea. These highly sensitive tests are typically performed using urine or swab samples. They’re effective in detecting even low levels of bacteria, making them a preferred option for accurate diagnosis.

2. Blood Tests

Blood tests are crucial for diagnosing certain STDs, particularly HIV and syphilis (in its later stages). A small blood sample is collected and analyzed in a lab. Blood tests are also used for hepatitis B and C screening, especially if a person is considered high-risk.

3. Urine Tests

Urine tests are non-invasive and frequently used to detect chlamydia and gonorrhea. For these tests, following specific collection instructions (such as providing the first part of the urine stream) to ensure accurate results is essential.

4. Physical Examinations

Sometimes, a healthcare provider may perform a physical exam to check for visible signs of infection, such as rashes, sores, or genital warts. This visual examination can help identify infections with noticeable symptoms, although it does not replace lab testing.

Process of STI Testing for Males

STD testing for men is straightforward and designed to be as comfortable as possible while ensuring accurate results. Here’s a detailed walkthrough of a typical testing procedure and privacy considerations:

Detailed Walkthrough of a Typical Testing Procedure

  1. Initial Consultation
    The testing process begins with a consultation. Your healthcare provider will ask about your sexual history, any recent symptoms, and potential exposure risks. This information helps them decide which specific tests are most appropriate for you.
  2. Physical Examination
    In some cases, a physical exam may follow. The provider checks for visible signs of infection, such as sores, rashes, or swelling. This can help in diagnosing certain infections like herpes or genital warts.
  3. Sample Collection
    During the testing process, your healthcare provider will collect samples based on the specific STI they’re screening for. This could involve taking urine, blood, or swabs from affected areas. The sample type will depend on the symptoms or potential infections, ensuring an accurate diagnosis.
  4. Waiting for Results
    The time for results can vary based on the type of test and the infection being screened. Most results are available within a few days, though some tests may take longer.
  5. Follow-Up Consultation
    Once the results are in, you’ll have a follow-up consultation to discuss the findings. If positive, your healthcare provider will recommend a treatment plan. If negative, you’ll receive guidance on maintaining sexual health.

Privacy Considerations during the Testing Process

Men can rest assured that STD testing for men is handled with the utmost privacy and confidentiality. Healthcare providers follow strict guidelines to ensure your information remains secure:

  • Confidential Results: Test results are only shared with you and will not be disclosed to others without your consent.
  • Discreet Testing Options: Many clinics offer discreet testing and results, sometimes even allowing online access through secure portals.
  • Anonymous Partner Notification: If a positive result requires notifying partners, some public health services offer anonymous notification options, ensuring your privacy is maintained.

Where to Get STI Testing and Screening in Canada

In Canada, several locations offer STI testing and screening (Reminder: “screened” is the term used when you don’t have any symptoms) services, ensuring accessibility based on your needs. Whether you’re experiencing symptoms or are symptom-free (screening is the term used when testing without symptoms), options include:

  • Healthcare Provider: Your primary care physician can provide testing and help interpret results.
  • Sexual Health Clinics: Specializing in sexual health, these clinics offer testing and counseling.
  • Public Health Units: Many local health departments provide free or low-cost STI testing for males.
  • Walk-In Clinics: Convenient for same-day appointments if you don’t have a regular healthcare provider.

Preparing for Male STD Tests

Proper preparation can improve the accuracy of your test results and make the process more comfortable. Here are steps to consider before your appointment:

  • Avoid Urinating: For urine-based tests, avoid urinating for at least an hour before testing to ensure a concentrated sample.
  • Disclose Symptoms and History: Be prepared to discuss any symptoms, sexual history, and potential exposure to STIs with your healthcare provider. This information will guide them in selecting the appropriate tests.
  • Refrain from Sexual Activity: Some providers may advise avoiding sexual activity for a certain period before testing to prevent false-negative results.
  • Medications and Supplements: Inform your healthcare provider of current medications or supplements that might affect test outcomes.

How Men Can Prevent an STI

  1. Abstinence
    The most effective way to prevent STIs is through abstinence. However, if you’re sexually active, other protective measures are available.
  2. Use Condoms
    Latex condoms are the only birth control method that also protects against most STIs. Remember:
  • Latex Condoms: Offer protection against most STIs when used correctly.
  • Polyurethane Condoms: Suitable for those with latex allergies and effective against STIs.
  • Natural/Lambskin Condoms: Not effective against STIs as they have small pores that may allow viruses to pass through.

Note: Even latex and polyurethane condoms cannot completely protect against STIs such as HPV, as they can infect areas not covered by a condom.

Protecting Against HPV with Vaccination

Another layer of protection is available with the HPV vaccine. In Canada, the 9vHPV vaccine (Gardasil-9) is recommended to:

  • Individuals aged 9-26 for broad protection against HPV.
  • Those 27 and older who are at risk of HPV exposure.

Gardasil-9 protects against nine HPV types, reducing the risk of anal cancer, head and neck cancers, genital warts, and cervical cancer in women.

Choose the Right Healthcare Provider for Male STD Tests

For questions or concerns about STIs, symptoms, or safe sex practices, consulting a primary care provider can help. If you don’t have a primary care provider, Maple offers 24/7 access to Canadian-licensed doctors and nurse practitioners who can:

  • Guide STI prevention and testing.
  • Discuss symptoms and answer questions about sexual health.
  • Help locate STI testing facilities.

Taking Charge of Your Sexual Health

Proactively managing your sexual health benefits both you and your partners. By staying informed, practicing safe sex, and making regular testing a priority, you can approach this area of your life with confidence and well-being.

Virtual care is not meant for medical emergencies. If you are experiencing an emergency like chest pain or difficulty breathing, for example, please call 911 or go to your nearest emergency room. 

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